This article by Bernstein (2020), a practicing Orthopedicorthopedic surgeon from the University of Pennsylvania, USA, cites examples of why Medicare for willall would not be the best solution for US citizens. He estimatedestimates that the cost of running Medicare for all by the instrumentality of a single payersingle-payer system will require trillions of dollars and additional federal spending. Also, he suggests that there is a stronger argument beyond the problem of cost;, not that it is excessive but that it is inadequate, because Medicare for all cannot erase the health disparities created by wealth, and that health outcomes dependsdepend on justmuch more than access to health. He also consolidatedconsolidates his point by giving examples of factors in both the upper and lower social classclasses that will eventually influence the outcome of health in patients. whichThis includes: the fact that wealthier patients have lesserfewer co-morbidities;, and they also have “more social capital”-capital” such as friends and family to drive them to physical therapy appointments. Furthermore, he wentgoes on to finally entrench his point with the results of a study conducted among 17,530 civil servants working in London who were all covered by the National Health serviceService (“British Medicare for All”). They found out that there is a strong relationship between a person’s level of civil servantservice employment and their life expectancy. Workers with higher civil service rankings had better outcomes, even though all participants in the study had health insurance.